Exfoliatio areata linguae, also known as geographic tongue or benign migratory glossitis, is a common and relatively harmless condition affecting the tongue. It is characterized by irregular, map-like patches on the surface of the tongue, which appear as red, smooth lesions with a white or yellow border. These lesions resemble the markings on a geographic map, hence the name "geographic tongue." The condition is typically painless and does not cause any serious health issues.
The exact cause of exfoliatio areata linguae is unknown, but it is believed to be linked to factors such as genetics, stress, hormonal changes, and certain oral habits. It is not contagious and cannot be passed on from person to person.
Symptoms of exfoliatio areata linguae may include a burning or stinging sensation on the tongue, sensitivity to certain foods or drinks, or an increased risk of developing infections in the affected areas. The condition tends to come and go, with the patches changing shape, size, and location over time. In some cases, the lesions may disappear completely only to return later.
Treatment for exfoliatio areata linguae is usually not required, as the condition is typically harmless and does not cause significant discomfort. However, in cases where there is discomfort or sensitivity, over-the-counter pain relief medications or mouth rinses may be recommended. Maintaining good oral hygiene practices, such as regular brushing and tongue cleaning, can also help manage the condition. In severe cases, a healthcare professional may prescribe topical corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and discomfort.
