EXCUBITORS Meaning and
Definition
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Excubitors were the imperial bodyguards of the Byzantine Empire during the medieval period. The term "excubitors" is derived from the Latin word "excubare," meaning "to guard." They served as the personal protective force for the Byzantine emperors, comparable to the praetorian guard of ancient Rome.
The excubitors were initially established in the late 4th century and existed until the 12th century. They were comprised of professional soldiers chosen from the most loyal and skilled members of the army. Highly trained in combat and proficient in the use of various weaponry, these elite guards possessed the necessary skills to defend the emperor and his immediate entourage.
The excubitors' primary duty was to maintain the security and safety of the imperial palace, constantly guarding its entrances and patrolling its premises. Additionally, they accompanied the emperor on military campaigns, ensuring his safety during battles and travels.
Over time, the role and composition of the excubitors changed. They went through various reforms, and their numbers fluctuated throughout the centuries. Emperor Leo I the Thracian revamped the force in the 5th century, and Emperor Justinian I further reorganized and expanded it in the 6th century.
Overall, excubitors were an essential component of the Byzantine Empire's security apparatus, providing a formidable defense for the emperor and his palace. They represented the pinnacle of personal protection and loyalty, displaying their skills through their unwavering commitment to their duties and the ability to withstand threats to the emperor's life.
Etymology of EXCUBITORS
The word "excubitors" has its etymology in Latin. It comes from the Latin word "excubitor", which means "guard" or "watchman". The Latin word "excubitor" is derived from the verb "excutere", which means "to shake off" or "to drive out".
The term "excubitors" was particularly associated with the Byzantine Empire. The excubitors were a special imperial guard unit responsible for the protection of the Byzantine emperors. They were primarily tasked with guarding the palace and maintaining security within the capital city of Constantinople.
Over time, the term "excubitors" became a common term used to refer to other guard units and military personnel as well. While its usage may have evolved beyond its original context, the etymology of the word remains rooted in Latin.
