The term "estate of realm" refers to the concept of dividing society into different classes or estates, each with its own rights, privileges, and responsibilities in a hierarchical structure. Historically, this concept emerged during the medieval period and was prevalent in feudal societies.
In this context, the "estate of realm" encompasses the three main social orders: the clergy, the nobility, and the commoners. These distinct estates or classes had specific roles and functions within society. The clergy represented the religious order, responsible for spiritual guidance, education, and administering religious practices. The nobility, comprising the aristocracy and ruling class, held political power and land ownership, defending and governing the realm. The commoners, also known as the "third estate," constituted the majority of the population, and included peasants, artisans, and merchants. They were primarily engaged in agricultural, industrial, and commercial activities.
The estate of realm framework was characterized by a hierarchical structure, with the clergy and nobility enjoying privileges and having a greater say in political decision-making, while the commoners had limited rights and representation. The concept of the estate of realm played a significant role in shaping the political, economic, and social structure of feudal societies, emphasizing the distinct roles and responsibilities of each estate. However, this system eventually gave way to more egalitarian and modern forms of governance during the transition to democracy and the abolition of feudalism.
