Escherichia coli (E. coli) infection refers to an infectious disease caused by a bacterium named Escherichia coli. This bacterium commonly resides in the intestines of humans and other warm-blooded animals. While most strains of E. coli are harmless and even play a beneficial role in the digestive system, certain strains can cause illness.
Infections caused by pathogenic strains of E. coli typically result from ingesting contaminated food or water. These infections can manifest in various ways, leading to a range of symptoms. Mild cases may cause diarrhea, stomach cramps, and nausea, which usually resolve within a few days without treatment. However, more severe infections can occur, causing bloody diarrhea, fever, and vomiting. In some cases, the infection can progress to a serious condition called hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), which involves the destruction of red blood cells and kidney failure.
The transmission of E. coli infections can occur through consuming undercooked or raw contaminated foods, close contact with infected individuals, or exposure to contaminated environments. Prevention involves practicing good hygiene, thoroughly cooking and handling food properly, and ensuring safe water sources.
Diagnosis of E. coli infection is typically done through stool culture tests to identify the presence of E. coli bacteria. Treatment primarily involves supportive care, including maintaining hydration and electrolyte balance. In severe cases, antibiotics may be prescribed.
Overall, Escherichia coli infection refers to an illness caused by certain strains of the bacterium Escherichia coli, primarily affecting the gastrointestinal tract and potentially leading to severe complications.
