Erythrina indica, also known as the Indian coral tree or sweetheart tree, is a species of tropical tree indigenous to the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. It belongs to the Fabaceae family and is characterized by its stunning display of bright red flowers, which resemble coral clusters, and its vigorous growth pattern.
The tree typically reaches a height of 15 to 20 meters, with a wide-spreading, umbrella-shaped crown. The bark is smooth and grayish-brown in color, while the leaves are large, compound, and trifoliate, with oblong leaflets.
Erythrina indica bears vibrant red flowers that are arranged in terminal racemes. These blooms are rich in nectar, attracting various bird species and pollinators, making it highly visited by wildlife. The flowers are followed by elongated seed pods that contain small, spherical seeds.
The tree is renowned for its ornamental value, frequently planted in gardens and parks for its aesthetic appeal. Additionally, the Erythrina indica's bark and roots possess medicinal properties and have been used in traditional Ayurvedic and folk medicine to treat various ailments such as inflammation, fever, and skin disorders.
Furthermore, Erythrina indica has environmental significance as it helps in nitrogen fixation, enhancing soil fertility, and promoting overall ecosystem health. Its shade and attractive flowers make it a favored choice for landscaping purposes, contributing to the beautification of urban areas.
Overall, Erythrina indica is a striking tropical tree with cultural, ecological, and medicinal significance, valued for its impressive display of red flowers and its contributions to biodiversity and traditional medicine.
