ERTMS, short for European Rail Traffic Management System, is a comprehensive train control and communication system designed to enhance the interoperability and safety of railway networks across Europe. It is a standard set by the European Union in collaboration with the International Union of Railways (UIC) and the European Railway Agency (ERA) for the harmonization of various existing national train control systems within Europe.
ERTMS primarily consists of three key components: the European Train Control System (ETCS), the GSM-R (Global System for Mobile Communications - Railway) communication system, and the European Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) system. These components work together to provide a seamless and modern control system for train operations.
The European Train Control System (ETCS) is the heart of ERTMS, replacing traditional national train control and signaling systems. ETCS ensures continuous train supervision, automatic train protection, and traffic control. It employs a combination of digital radio signaling and train-borne equipment to maintain safe train separation, precise speed control, and efficient communication between the train and the control center.
GSM-R serves as the dedicated communication network for railways, enabling voice and data communication between train drivers, control centers, and maintenance personnel. It ensures reliable and secure communication, facilitating coordination and response during incidents or emergencies.
European Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a tagging technology that provides automatic identification and data capture for rolling stock. It enables the precise tracking and management of trains, monitoring their movements and ensuring accurate information about their location and status.
ERTMS aims to standardize and integrate train control systems, improving safety, capacity, and efficiency throughout European railways. By enabling seamless cross-border train operations, it enhances railway interoperability, facilitates international freight and passenger transport, and contributes to a more sustainable and integrated transportation network.
