Equine Rhinopneumonitis Virus (ERV) is a highly contagious viral infection that affects horses and other members of the equine family. It is caused by two closely related strains of the Equine Herpesvirus (EHV) known as EHV-1 and EHV-4. ERV primarily targets the respiratory system but can also lead to other complications such as abortion, neurological disorders, and even death in severe cases.
Transmission of ERV most commonly occurs through direct contact with infected horses or through indirect contact with contaminated objects such as water buckets, bridles, or tack. Inhalation of viral particles is the primary mode of transmission, allowing the virus to enter the respiratory tract and quickly spread throughout the respiratory system. In some cases, EHV-1 may cause the virus to enter the bloodstream, potentially leading to wider systemic infection.
Symptoms of ERV can vary depending on the strain and severity of the infection, but commonly include fever, nasal discharge, coughing, and respiratory distress. Pregnant mares infected with EHV-1 may experience abortion, stillbirth, or the birth of weak or sickly foals. Neurological signs such as ataxia, weakness, and paralysis can also occur in some cases.
Prevention of ERV primarily involves maintaining strict biosecurity measures, such as isolation of infected horses, disinfection of equipment and facilities, and regular vaccinations. Vaccination against EHV-1 and EHV-4 is available and can help reduce the severity and spread of the disease. Timely veterinary intervention can aid in early detection and treatment of infected horses, as well as prevent further spread of the virus within equine populations.
