Epulis is a term used in the field of dentistry to describe a benign tumor or growth that arises in the soft tissues of the gums. Derived from the Greek word "epulon" which means "gum," an epulis is typically observed as a localized swelling or enlargement on the gum tissue. It usually appears as a smooth, rounded, and firm mass that may range in color from pink to reddish or purplish.
Epulis can manifest in different forms, including fibrous epulis, a common type comprising dense fibrous tissue; peripheral giant cell epulis, characterized by the presence of multinucleated giant cells; and pyogenic granuloma, which is an inflammatory response rather than a true neoplasm.
Although the exact cause of epulis is unknown, it is often associated with chronic localized irritation or trauma to the gum tissues. Poor oral hygiene, ill-fitting dentures, misaligned teeth, or rough restorations can contribute to the development of epulis. Additionally, hormonal changes during pregnancy may increase the risk of epulis formation.
Diagnosis of epulis involves a thorough clinical examination, patient history assessment, and possibly a biopsy to confirm the nature of the lesion. Treatment of epulis typically involves surgical removal of the growth, ensuring complete excision to prevent recurrence. In some cases, the underlying cause, such as poorly fitting dentures, may need to be addressed to prevent further irritation and future episodes of epulis formation.
Regular dental check-ups and maintaining good oral hygiene practices are crucial in preventing or detecting epulis at an early stage. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment can help manage this benign growth effectively.
