Episperm is a botanical term used to describe the seed coat of a plant. The spelling of the word "episperm" is phonetically transcribed as /ˈɛpɪspɜːm/. The first syllable is pronounced with a short "e" sound followed by the "p" and "ɪ" sounds. The second syllable is pronounced with a long "s" sound, followed by the "p" and "ɜː" sounds. The spelling of "episperm" is derived from the Greek words "epi" meaning "on top of" or "above," and "sperma" meaning "seed."
Episperm is a botanical term used to describe the outermost layer of a seed, also known as the testa. It is a protective covering that surrounds the embryo and endosperm within a seed. The episperm is typically hard, tough, and impermeable, providing physical and chemical protection to the seed.
The episperm plays a crucial role in preventing mechanical damage to the inner parts of the seed and acts as a barrier against pathogens, pests, and other external threats. Its rigidity helps maintain the integrity of the seed, ensuring the viability and survival of the enclosed embryo.
Episperms can exhibit various textures and colors, depending on the plant species. Some may be smooth, while others may have intricate patterns or sculptures. The color of the episperm can also vary, ranging from light shades like white or gray to darker shades like brown or black.
In addition to its protective function, the episperm may also have minor roles in seed dispersal mechanisms. It can aid in buoyancy for aquatic plants, facilitating their dispersal by water currents. In certain seeds, the episperm may attract animals through bright colors or distinct odors, promoting seed dispersal through consumption and subsequent defecation.
Overall, the episperm is an integral part of a seed's anatomy, providing it with resilience, protection, and facilitating successful reproduction for the plant species.
In bot., the external covering of the seed.
Etymological and pronouncing dictionary of the English language. By Stormonth, James, Phelp, P. H. Published 1874.
The word "episperm" is derived from the combination of two Greek roots.
The first root is "epi-" (ἐπί), which means "upon" or "over" in Greek.
The second root is "sperma" (σπέρμα), which means "seed" or "sperm" in Greek.
Therefore, "episperm" literally translates to "upon the seed" or "over the seed". It is used to describe the outer layer or coating of a seed.