The word "epiglotti" is spelled with two t's at the end, despite the common mispronunciation with only one. The correct pronunciation is [ˌɛpɪˈɡlɑtə], with stress on the second syllable. The double t represents the Latin origin of the word, where the suffix "-us" would have been added to the stem, "epiglott-". This suffix then became "-i" in the genitive case, where "epiglottus" meant "little tongue above the glottis." Proper spelling and pronunciation of medical terminology is essential for clear communication in healthcare.
The epiglottis is a small, leaf-shaped cartilage situated at the base of the tongue, in the throat region. It acts as a protective flap that covers and seals off the entrance to the windpipe, or trachea, during the process of swallowing, preventing food and liquids from entering the airway and lungs.
In more anatomical terms, the epiglottis is a flexible flap made of elastic cartilage that projects upwards from the top of the larynx, or voice box. It is connected to the hyoid bone above, while its base is anchored to the thyroid cartilage, forming a hinge-like arrangement. When at rest, the epiglottis stands upright, permitting air to flow freely between the vocal cords and the trachea. However, during swallowing, the epiglottis folds backwards to cover the larynx, effectively closing off the entrance to the respiratory system.
The epiglottis plays a crucial role in the process of deglutition, or swallowing, by ensuring that food and drink pass down the esophagus and into the stomach, rather than entering the trachea, which could lead to choking or aspiration pneumonia. Its coordinated movement, along with muscles and other structures involved in swallowing, allows for safe and efficient consumption of food and liquids.
The word "epiglottis" is derived from the Greek word "epíglōttis" (ἐπίγλωττις), which is a combination of "epi" (ἐπί) meaning "upon" or "above", and "glōttis" (γλωττίς) meaning "tongue". Therefore, "epiglottis" can be translated to mean "upon the tongue" or "above the tongue". This is fitting because the epiglottis is a leaf-shaped cartilage that sits above the base of the tongue, in the throat, and prevents food or liquid from entering the windpipe during swallowing, directing them instead towards the esophagus.