Epidemic Hemorrhagic Fevers (EHFs) are a group of severe viral illnesses that are characterized by fever, bleeding, and organ failure. These fevers are caused by several different viruses, including the Ebola virus, Marburg virus, Lassa virus, and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus. EHFs are typically transmitted to humans through contact with infected animals or the bodily fluids of infected humans.
The onset of EHF is marked by the sudden onset of high fever, accompanied by symptoms such as headache, fatigue, muscle aches, and abdominal pain. As the illness progresses, more severe symptoms may manifest, such as hemorrhaging (bleeding) from various parts of the body including the gums, nose, or gastrointestinal tract. The immune system is severely compromised during EHF, leading to multiple organ failure and potentially death.
EHFs are known to occur in outbreaks or epidemics, with the potential for rapid spread within communities and even across international borders. These diseases pose a significant public health threat due to their high mortality rates, ranging from 25% to 90%, and the absence of specific antiviral treatments or vaccines.
Efforts to control EHF outbreaks typically involve isolating and treating infected individuals, implementing strict infection prevention and control measures, and conducting contact tracing to identify and monitor potentially exposed individuals.
By understanding and addressing the risk factors associated with EHFs, public health authorities can better respond to outbreaks and prevent the further spread of these illnesses.
