Ependymoma is a type of brain tumor that originates from the cells lining the ventricles or the central canal of the spinal cord, called ependymal cells. These ependymal cells are responsible for producing a fluid known as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that surrounds and cushions the brain and spinal cord.
Ependymomas are generally slow-growing tumors that may occur in both children and adults, but are more commonly found in younger individuals. They can develop in various locations within the brain and spinal cord, including the fourth ventricle in the brainstem, the lateral ventricles, or the spinal cord itself.
The exact cause of ependymoma is not yet fully understood, but some cases are attributed to genetic mutations or alterations in certain genes that play a role in cell growth regulation. Symptoms of ependymoma can vary depending on the size and location of the tumor, but common signs may include headaches, seizures, nausea, vomiting, unsteady gait, changes in vision, and difficulty in coordination.
Diagnosis of ependymoma often involves imaging tests such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT) scans, or cerebrospinal fluid analysis. Treatment for ependymoma typically involves surgical removal of the tumor, followed by radiation therapy to target any remaining cancer cells. In some cases, chemotherapy may also be administered.
Prognosis for ependymoma can vary depending on factors such as the age of the patient, location of the tumor, tumor grade, and extent of surgical resection. While some individuals may experience long-term survival and remission, others may face challenges, including risk of tumor recurrence or development of long-term complications such as neurological deficits. Regular follow-up and monitoring are usually
