Enzyme CAT, also known as catalase, is a type of enzyme that plays a crucial role in biological systems. It is found in the cells of most organisms, including humans, plants, and animals. Catalase is primarily involved in the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into water (H2O) and oxygen (O2) molecules, a process known as catalysis.
This enzyme is classified as a peroxidase, as it functions by accelerating the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, a harmful byproduct of various cellular reactions, into harmless substances. Hydrogen peroxide is a potent oxidizing agent that can damage the cells and tissues if accumulated. Therefore, the presence of catalase is vital for maintaining the proper balance of hydrogen peroxide within cells.
The enzyme catalase possesses a characteristic globular structure, consisting of a heme group with an iron atom at the center, which is responsible for the catalytic activity. It facilitates the rapid breakdown of hydrogen peroxide by providing an active site for the enzyme-substrate interaction.
Enzyme CAT is particularly abundant in cells with high energy demands, such as liver cells, where it acts as a defense mechanism against harmful reactive oxygen species. It protects the cells from oxidative stress caused by the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide. Moreover, catalase is also involved in various other physiological processes, including immune response, cell signaling, and protection against environmental toxins.
In summary, enzyme CAT or catalase is an essential enzyme that enables the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen, protecting cells from oxidative damage and maintaining cellular homeostasis.
