Enzootic Porcine Encephalomyelitis (EPE), also known as Teschen Disease, is a viral infection that affects pigs, particularly piglets and young pigs. It is caused by the porcine teschovirus, a member of the Picornaviridae family. EPE is characterized by inflammation and degeneration of the central nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord.
The virus is primarily transmitted through direct contact between infected and susceptible animals, as well as through contaminated feces and fomites. The incubation period for EPE typically ranges from a few days to a week or more. After infection, the virus replicates in the lymphoid tissues, spreads to the bloodstream, and then enters the nervous system, resulting in the development of neurological symptoms.
Clinical signs of EPE include fever, lethargy, ataxia (uncoordinated movements), incoordination, muscle tremors, paralysis, and ultimately, death. The severity of the disease can vary, with some animals showing only mild symptoms and others experiencing more severe neurological impairment.
Diagnosis of EPE is typically based on clinical signs, postmortem findings, and laboratory tests such as virus isolation, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and serological testing. There are no specific treatments available for EPE, and management mainly involves supportive care, including providing fluids and maintaining proper nutrition.
Prevention is crucial in controlling the spread of EPE. This involves strict biosecurity measures to minimize contact between infected and uninfected animals, as well as vaccination programs. Vaccines have been developed to protect against EPE and are regularly used in pig herds to prevent outbreaks and reduce the impact of the disease.
