Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) is a strain of Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria that causes illness in humans. It is characterized by its ability to produce toxins, particularly Shiga toxins, which can cause severe complications. EHEC primarily affects the intestine, leading to symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, and cramping. In some cases, it can progress to a more serious condition called hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), characterized by kidney failure, anemia, and low platelet count.
This strain of E. coli usually enters the body through ingestion of contaminated food or water, particularly undercooked ground meat, unpasteurized milk, or fresh produce that has been in contact with infected animal feces. Person-to-person transmission can also occur, especially in settings such as childcare centers or nursing homes where hygiene practices are inadequate.
Diagnosis of EHEC is typically confirmed through stool samples, which are tested for the presence of specific E. coli strains and their toxins. Treatment mainly involves supportive care, including hydration and management of complications in severe cases. Antibiotics are generally not recommended as they may increase the risk of developing HUS. Patients with EHEC infection should be closely monitored to detect any potential complications early and prevent further damage.
Prevention of EHEC infection involves practicing good hygiene, such as thorough hand washing, proper cooking of meat, pasteurization of milk, and ensuring the cleanliness of fruits and vegetables. Public health measures, such as surveillance and outbreak investigations, are essential to identify and control cases and potential sources of contamination to prevent the spread of this bacterial infection.
