Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) refers to a collection of advanced techniques implemented in the oil production process to extract a larger amount of crude oil from underground reservoirs than can be achieved through traditional means. These techniques aim to increase the recovery factor, which represents the percentage of oil that can be extracted from a reservoir.
EOR methods employ various processes that manipulate reservoir conditions, alter the properties of oil, or modify fluid behavior within the reservoir. One commonly used technique is thermal recovery, involving the injection of steam or hot fluids to heat the underground oil. This reduces the oil's viscosity, making it easier to flow towards production wells.
Chemical EOR involves the injection of different substances, such as polymers or surfactants, to alter the physical and chemical properties of the oil. These substances can improve oil mobility, reduce interfacial tension, or modify the reservoir's rock properties, thus enhancing oil flow.
Lastly, gas injection methods can be utilized, including carbon dioxide (CO2) injection or the re-injection of produced gas. Gas injection methods increase reservoir pressure, displace oil, or dissolve in the oil to enhance its flow properties.
Overall, enhanced oil recovery techniques are crucial for maximizing oil production from mature fields or unconventional reservoirs. They offer the potential to recover significant amounts of oil that would otherwise remain trapped in the reservoir. However, EOR methods require careful evaluation and implementation, considering their environmental impact, economic viability, and operational complexities.
