English common law refers to the legal system and body of law that developed in England and Wales from the medieval period until the present day. It is primarily based on legal precedents and customs rather than written codes or legislation.
The foundation of English common law can be traced back to the Norman Conquest in the 11th century when William the Conqueror established a centralized system of justice. Over time, a set of consistent legal principles and practices were developed and interpreted by judges in courts throughout the country.
English common law covers a wide range of legal areas, including criminal law, contract law, property law, and tort law. The principles of fairness, equity, and justice are key factors in the development and application of common law.
One of the significant features of English common law is the doctrine of stare decisis, which means "to stand by things decided." This principle obliges judges to follow and apply previous judicial decisions, ensuring consistency in the interpretation and application of the law. However, common law also allows for flexibility and adaptation to changing social, economic, and technological circumstances, enabling it to evolve over time.
English common law has had a profound influence on legal systems around the world, particularly in countries that were formerly part of the British Empire. It has formed the basis for the legal systems in most Commonwealth countries, including the United States, Canada, Australia, and India. Despite some reforms and developments in the law, English common law remains an essential part of the legal landscape in England and Wales today.
