Endothelium Derived Nitric Oxide (EDNO) refers to a potent signaling molecule that is produced by the endothelial cells lining the blood vessels, known as the endothelium. Nitric oxide (NO) is a small, gaseous molecule and acts as a biological messenger. It is synthesized from the amino acid L-arginine by the enzyme called nitric oxide synthase (NOS) present in the endothelial cells.
EDNO plays a crucial role in regulating various physiological processes within the cardiovascular system. It acts as a vasodilator, meaning it relaxes the smooth muscles surrounding blood vessels, leading to their enlargement and increased blood flow. This effect helps in maintaining normal blood pressure and reducing the risk of hypertension.
Additionally, EDNO inhibits platelet aggregation, prevents the adhesion of white blood cells to the endothelium, and inhibits the proliferation of smooth muscle cells, thus reducing the occurrence of blood clots and atherosclerosis. It also has anti-inflammatory properties and prevents the formation of reactive oxygen species, contributing to the overall health and integrity of the blood vessels.
EDNO is also involved in the regulation of neuronal signaling, immune responses, and tissue growth. Deficiencies in EDNO production or impaired NO signaling have been associated with various cardiovascular conditions, such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, and endothelial dysfunction.
Overall, EDNO is a crucial molecule produced by the endothelium that plays a vital role in maintaining vascular health and regulating numerous physiological processes within the body.
