Endocrine gland cancers are a group of malignancies that form in the endocrine system, which is composed of various glands that produce and release hormones into the bloodstream. These cancers arise from abnormal and uncontrolled cell growth in the endocrine glands, leading to the formation of tumors. Endocrine glands are found throughout the body and include the thyroid gland, pancreas, adrenal glands, pituitary gland, and parathyroid glands, among others.
These cancers can develop when certain genetic mutations occur, leading to the disruption of the normal cell cycle and the loss of cell growth control mechanisms. The resulting tumors can produce excess amounts of hormones, disrupting the body's delicate hormonal balance, or they can be non-functioning tumors that do not secrete hormones.
The symptoms of endocrine gland cancers vary depending on the type of gland affected and the hormones involved. Common signs may include weight loss, fatigue, changes in appetite, palpable masses or lumps, changes in blood pressure, and abnormal levels of specific hormones. Diagnosing endocrine gland cancers often involves imaging tests, blood tests to measure hormone levels, and biopsy of the tumor for histological examination.
Treatment options for endocrine gland cancers depend on several factors, including the type and stage of the cancer, as well as the individual's overall health. Treatments may include surgery to remove the tumor, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or hormone therapy. Regular follow-up care is crucial to monitor for recurrence or the development of new tumors.
