Endo B Cytokeratin is a specific type of cytokeratin protein that is predominantly expressed in the epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract. Cytokeratins are a group of proteins that form intermediate filaments, which provide structural support and stability to epithelial cells. They are also involved in various cellular processes, including cell adhesion, migration, and signaling.
Endo B Cytokeratin is classified as a type II cytokeratin, belonging to the acidic keratin subfamily. It is encoded by the KRT8 gene located on chromosome 12. This protein is characterized by its unique expression pattern, primarily found in the luminal epithelial cells lining the inner surface of the stomach, intestines, and liver canaliculi.
The significance of Endo B Cytokeratin lies in its role as a diagnostic marker for the identification and characterization of epithelial tumors arising from the gastrointestinal tract. Its expression can help distinguish between different types of carcinomas, such as gastric, colorectal, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Immunohistochemical staining techniques are commonly used to detect the presence of Endo B Cytokeratin in tissue samples, facilitating the accurate diagnosis of these malignancies.
Furthermore, aberrant expression or mutations in the KRT8 gene, which encodes Endo B Cytokeratin, have been implicated in various pathological conditions, including liver diseases, inflammatory bowel disease, and certain types of cancer. Therefore, understanding the functions and roles of this protein is essential for studying the normal physiology and pathology of the gastrointestinal system.
