Endarteritis proliferans is a medical condition characterized by the inflammation and thickening of the innermost layer (intima) of the arteries, leading to the formation of fibrous plaque and obstruction of blood flow. This condition primarily affects small and medium-sized arteries, commonly seen in the lower extremities, particularly the legs and feet.
The inflammation and subsequent proliferation of cells in the artery walls lead to the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques consist of fatty deposits, inflammatory cells, connective tissue, and calcium. As the plaques grow in size, they gradually narrow the artery, restricting blood flow to the tissues and organs supplied by these affected vessels.
The most common risk factors for endarteritis proliferans include smoking, diabetes, hypertension, and high cholesterol levels. Symptoms may vary depending on the degree of arterial obstruction and the affected area, but typically include intermittent claudication (pain or cramping during physical activity), diminished or absent pulses, cold extremities, and slow-healing wounds or ulcers.
If left untreated, endarteritis proliferans can lead to severe complications such as gangrene, limb amputation, or tissue death (necrosis). Diagnosis of this condition often involves a combination of physical examination, imaging techniques, and specialized tests to assess blood flow and arterial status.
Treatment options for endarteritis proliferans aim to improve blood flow, manage symptoms, and prevent further complications. This may involve medications to control risk factors, surgical techniques such as angioplasty or bypass procedures to restore blood flow, and lifestyle modifications including smoking cessation and regular exercise.
