Encephalitises (plural of encephalitis) refers to the inflammation of the brain, typically caused by viral, bacterial, fungal, or parasitic infections. It is a medical condition characterized by the swelling and irritation of the brain tissue and can lead to severe neurological complications. Encephalitis can affect people of all ages, but it is more common in young children and older adults.
The symptoms of encephalitis may vary depending on the underlying cause, but they often include fever, headache, confusion, seizures, sensitivity to light, stiff neck, and altered consciousness. In some cases, encephalitis can progress rapidly and cause more severe symptoms such as paralysis, speech difficulties, and even coma.
Viral encephalitis is the most common form, with herpes simplex virus and mosquito-borne viruses like West Nile virus being notable examples. However, other viral infections like measles, mumps, and influenza can also lead to encephalitis. Infections caused by bacteria, fungi, or parasites are less common but can still occur.
The diagnosis of encephalitis involves a combination of physical examination, medical history assessment, and various laboratory tests such as blood tests, spinal fluid analysis, electroencephalogram (EEG), and imaging scans like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) scans of the brain.
Treatment for encephalitis focuses on managing symptoms, reducing inflammation, and targeting the underlying cause. Depending on the severity and type of encephalitis, treatment may involve antiviral medications (for viral encephalitis), antibiotics (for bacterial infections), antifungal medications (for fungal infections), or antiparasitic medications (for parasitic infections). Supportive care, including pain management, fever
