Empty Sella Syndrome refers to a medical condition characterized by the abnormal imaging appearance of the sella turcica, a bony structure in the skull where the pituitary gland is located. The syndrome is named "empty sella" due to the fact that the sella turcica appears partially or completely empty on imaging studies, suggesting the absence or compression of the pituitary gland.
The condition can be classified into two types: primary and secondary Empty Sella Syndrome. Primary Empty Sella Syndrome occurs when the sella turcica is spontaneously enlarged, resulting in the flattened appearance of the pituitary gland. Secondary Empty Sella Syndrome, on the other hand, is caused by various factors such as prior surgeries, head trauma, infections, or radiation therapy, resulting in the displacement or compression of the pituitary gland.
Although many individuals with Empty Sella Syndrome may remain asymptomatic, some may present with symptoms related to hormonal dysfunction or compression of adjacent structures. These symptoms may include headache, visual disturbances, hormonal imbalances, such as irregular menstruation, decreased libido, or growth hormone deficiencies.
Diagnosis of Empty Sella Syndrome typically involves imaging studies, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), to confirm the empty appearance of the sella turcica. Treatment options for this condition depend on the underlying cause and the presence of associated symptoms. Some cases may require hormone replacement therapy to manage hormonal imbalances, while others may necessitate surgical interventions to address the underlying cause or to decompress any compressed structures.
