ELDER FUTHARK Meaning and
Definition
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Elder Futhark refers to the oldest known runic alphabet system used by the Germanic tribes of northern Europe during the 2nd to 8th centuries AD. Derived from the earlier Old Italic writing system, the Elder Futhark consists of 24 distinct characters or runes, each representing a specific sound, which were primarily used for writing inscriptions on various objects, including gravestones, weapons, and tools.
The term "Elder" distinguishes this runic alphabet from its younger counterparts, the Younger Futhark and the Anglo-Saxon Futhorc, which evolved after significant changes to the script. The word "Futhark" itself is an acronym based on the first six runes in the system (Fehu, Uruz, Thurisaz, Ansuz, Raidho, and Kaunan) that signifies the traditional order of the runic alphabet.
The individual runes of Elder Futhark possess both phonetic and symbolic meanings, allowing for practical communication as well as mystical or magical interpretations. It is believed that these symbols were associated with divination, protection, and other rituals by the ancient Germanic peoples. Additionally, the runes held social and religious significance, often being inscribed on jewelry and amulets as personal or tribal symbols.
Today, the Elder Futhark remains an important historical and cultural artifact, with many modern practitioners of Germanic neopaganism and runology studying and interpreting these runic inscriptions to reestablish connections with ancient traditions and beliefs.
Etymology of ELDER FUTHARK
The word "Elder Futhark" originates from two separate terms: "elder" and "Futhark".
1. Elder: The term "elder" refers to the older or original version of the runic alphabet. The word "elder" comes from the Old English term "ealdra", which means "older" or "more experienced". This signifies that the Elder Futhark was the earliest known form of the runic alphabet.
2. Futhark: The term "Futhark" represents the first six letters of the runic alphabet, which correspond to the sounds F, U, Th, A, R, and K. The order of these letters denotes the name "Futhark". This name is derived from the pronunciation of these characters, similar to how the modern English alphabet is named after its first few letters: "ABC".
