Elastosis is a medical term that refers to the abnormal accumulation or degradation of elastic tissue in the body. Elastin is a protein that gives elasticity to the connective tissues, such as the skin, blood vessels, lungs, and ligaments. When elastin fibers are excessively produced, degrade improperly, or undergo abnormal changes, it can lead to elastosis.
In dermatology, elastosis primarily affects the skin, manifesting as a degenerative condition. It is commonly observed in older individuals or those exposed to prolonged sun damage. Solar elastosis, also known as actinic elastosis, is a specific form of elastosis caused by chronic exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. This condition results in the accumulation of abnormal elastin fibers characterized by thickening, fragmentation, and disorganization. It is frequently seen in sun-exposed areas, particularly the face, neck, and hands, and presents clinically as yellowish or yellow-brown, thickened, and leathery skin.
Moreover, elastosis can occur in other organs and tissues throughout the body. Pulmonary elastosis, for instance, refers to the abnormal accumulation or destruction of elastic fibers in the lungs, which can contribute to respiratory problems. Vascular elastosis involves the progressive loss or alteration of elastic fibers in blood vessels, leading to arterial stiffness, increased risk of aneurysm formation, and other cardiovascular complications.
Overall, elastosis describes various pathological conditions resulting from the abnormal accumulation, degradation, or changes in elastic fibers, affecting different organs and tissues, with different etiologies and clinical manifestations.
