Elamite is a word that refers to the language and culture of ancient Elam, located in present-day Iran. It is spelled with four syllables: /ˈɛləˌmaɪt/. The first syllable is pronounced like "ell," followed by a schwa sound in the second syllable. The third syllable is pronounced like "mye" and the final syllable ends with a "t" sound. The spelling of "Elamite" comes from the name of the ancient Elamite kingdom, which is spelled differently in the ancient Elamite language.
Elamite refers to a language, as well as the ancient civilization and people associated with it, that held prominence in what is now southwestern Iran from around 2700 BCE to 539 BCE. It is considered an extinct language today, and the majority of our knowledge about it comes from archaeological discoveries through written tablets, inscriptions, and other artifacts. The term "Elamite" also encompasses the people who spoke the language and the culture that flourished in ancient Elam.
Linguistically, Elamite is classified as a language isolate, meaning it does not belong to any known language family. As such, it has no close linguistic relatives, making it a unique and distinct language of its own. Its script, known as Linear Elamite or sometimes Proto-Elamite, is still largely undeciphered.
From an archaeological perspective, the Elamite civilization was highly developed and exhibited artistic, technological, and urban sophistication. The Elamites interacted and sometimes clashed with several powerful neighboring civilizations, including Mesopotamia, Assyria, and later Persia. However, their culture also incorporated influences from these civilizations, resulting in a unique blend of styles and traditions.
Today, the study of Elamite language and culture plays a critical role in unraveling ancient history, as it provides valuable insights into the social, political, economic, and religious aspects of ancient Iranian civilizations and their interactions with neighboring regions.
The word Elamite is derived from the Kingdom of Elam, an ancient civilization located in present-day southwestern Iran. The Elamites were a non-Semitic people who spoke the Elamite language, which was unrelated to any other known language of the time. The exact origins of the word Elam are uncertain, but it is believed to come from the Akkadian term Elamtu, with a possible meaning of highland or country of the gods.