Eisenmenger, also known as Eisenmenger syndrome or Eisenmenger reaction, is a medical term referring to a specific condition characterized by a heart defect and abnormal blood circulation. This condition commonly occurs as a consequence of an existing congenital heart defect, such as ventricular septal defect (VSD), atrial septal defect (ASD), or patent ductus arteriosus (PDA).
In individuals with Eisenmenger, the defect present in their heart (most commonly a hole between the chambers) leads to increased blood flow to the lungs. This increased flow can cause damage to the pulmonary blood vessels over time, leading to a rise in the pressure within the pulmonary artery. As a result, the blood starts to flow in the opposite direction or becomes mixed due to the abnormal circulation, leading to decreased oxygenation of the blood and ultimately cyanosis (bluish discoloration of the skin).
Eisenmenger syndrome is typically diagnosed in adults rather than during childhood, as it often develops as a progressive condition. Symptoms of Eisenmenger may include shortness of breath, fatigue, chest pain, dizziness, and fainting spells.
Due to the complex nature of Eisenmenger syndrome, treatment options are limited and primarily focused on managing the symptoms and complications. Medications to improve symptoms and surgical interventions, such as heart or lung transplantation, may be considered in severe cases.
Regular monitoring by a cardiologist is crucial to manage the symptoms and complications associated with Eisenmenger syndrome, as it is a chronic condition that requires ongoing medical care.
