Ectopic junctional tachycardias (EJTs) are a type of abnormal rapid heart rhythm characterized by the presence of electrical signals originating from an ectopic or abnormal focus near the atrioventricular (AV) node within the heart. EJTs are considered a form of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) and can occur due to various underlying causes.
In a healthy heart, the electrical signals that initiate a heartbeat originate from the heart's sinoatrial (SA) node, also known as the natural pacemaker of the heart. However, in EJTs, electrical impulses arise from an abnormal location near or within the AV node. This leads to a disruption of the normal electrical conduction system, causing the heart to beat faster than its regular rate.
Symptoms of EJT typically include palpitations (rapid or irregular heartbeats), chest discomfort, shortness of breath, dizziness, and in some cases, fainting. These symptoms can be distressing and may significantly impact an individual's quality of life.
Treatment options for EJTs depend on the severity of the symptoms and underlying cause. Initially, vagal maneuvers may be attempted to slow down the heart rate. If these fail, medications such as beta-blockers or calcium channel blockers may be prescribed to restore normal heart rhythm. In more severe cases, electrical cardioversion - a procedure that involves delivering an electric shock to the heart - or radiofrequency ablation, which destroys the abnormal heart tissue, may be considered.
Overall, EJTs are a specific type of rapid heart rhythm originating from an abnormal location near the AV node, requiring proper diagnosis and appropriate management to alleviate symptoms and prevent potential complications.
