Ectopic atrial tachycardia (EAT) is a medical condition characterized by an abnormal rapid heart rhythm that originates from a site outside the natural pacemaker of the heart, the sinoatrial (SA) node. In EAT, the atria, which are the upper chambers of the heart, contract faster than normal due to the initiation of electrical impulses from an ectopic (abnormal) focus. These abnormal impulses override the normal rhythmic signals from the SA node, leading to a faster heart rate.
Ectopic atrial tachycardia is typically caused by the presence of abnormal electrical pathways in the atria. These pathways can be the result of various factors such as structural heart abnormalities, heart disease, scar tissue, or congenital defects. Individuals with underlying heart conditions are more likely to develop EAT.
Symptoms of ectopic atrial tachycardia may include rapid and regular heartbeats, palpitations, shortness of breath, chest discomfort, dizziness, and fatigue. The condition can be diagnosed through electrocardiography (ECG) tests that record the electrical activity of the heart.
Treatment options for ectopic atrial tachycardia aim to normalize the heart rate to relieve symptoms and prevent complications. This may include medications to control the heart rate or correct the abnormal electrical signals. In some cases, electrical cardioversion or catheter ablation procedures may be required to restore a normal heart rhythm and remove the ectopic focus. The specific treatment approach will depend on the severity of symptoms, the underlying cause, and the individual patient's overall health. Regular monitoring and management of any underlying heart conditions are also essential in the long-term care of individuals with EAT.
