The term "economy class syndrome" refers to the risk of blood clots forming in the legs during long-haul flights, particularly in economy class passengers who have limited legroom and movement. The word "economy" is pronounced as /ɪˈkɒnəmi/, with the stress on the second syllable, and "syndrome" as /ˈsɪndrəʊm/, with the stress on the first syllable. The phrase is usually spelled with hyphens as "economy-class syndrome" to indicate that it is a compound word that combines two separate words into a single idea.
Economy class syndrome, also known as travel-related deep vein thrombosis (TRDVT) or simply deep vein thrombosis (DVT), refers to a medical condition characterized by the formation of blood clots in the deep veins of the legs, usually as a result of prolonged periods of inactivity during long-haul flights.
This condition is commonly associated with air travel, particularly long-distance flights, where passengers are confined to small spaces for extended durations, often in cramped seating arrangements typical of economy class cabins. The lack of leg movement during such flights can slow down blood circulation, leading to the formation of blood clots in the veins.
The blood clots, or thrombi, can pose a significant health risk as they may dislodge and travel through the bloodstream, potentially reaching vital organs and causing life-threatening complications such as pulmonary embolism. Symptoms of economy class syndrome commonly include localized pain, swelling, tenderness, and redness in the affected leg.
Preventive measures against economy class syndrome include staying hydrated, avoiding excessive alcohol and caffeine intake, performing leg exercises and stretches during the flight, wearing loose and comfortable clothing, and periodically walking around the cabin whenever possible. Compression stockings may also be recommended to promote blood flow.
Although the term "economy class syndrome" suggests a connection to a specific class of air travel, this condition can affect anyone on a prolonged journey involving prolonged immobility, irrespective of the seating class. It is important for travelers to be aware of the potential risk factors associated with long-haul flights and to take appropriate precautions to reduce the likelihood of developing deep vein thrombosis.