Echinosis is a medical term that refers to the discoloration and bruising of the skin due to the extravasation or leakage of blood from small blood vessels beneath the surface. It is often characterized by the appearance of reddish or purplish patches on the skin, commonly known as bruises or contusions.
The term echinosis is derived from the Greek word "echinos," meaning "hedgehog" or "prickle." This name draws attention to the spiky or prickly appearance that the skin may acquire when affected by echinosis, resembling the spines of a hedgehog.
Echinosis occurs when the tiny blood vessels, known as capillaries, suffer damage or rupture, causing blood to leak into the surrounding tissues. This can happen as a result of trauma or injury, such as a direct blow to the skin or a fall. Certain medical conditions, including blood clotting disorders or vascular diseases, may also contribute to the development of echinosis.
Symptoms of echinosis typically include pain, tenderness, and swelling in the affected area. The discoloration of the skin usually follows a predictable pattern, initially appearing red or purplish and gradually changing to green, yellow, or brown as the body reabsorbs the extravasated blood.
Treatment for echinosis mainly involves addressing the underlying cause and providing supportive care, such as applying cold compresses to reduce pain and inflammation. In most cases, echinosis resolves naturally over time as the body heals and reabsorbs the trapped blood. However, if the condition is severe or persistent, medical intervention may be necessary to prevent complications or further damage.
