The word "earthshine" is spelled as /ˈɜːθ.ʃaɪn/. The first part of the word is spelled with the letter combination "e-a-r-t-h" which represents the vowel sound /ɜː/. The second syllable "shin" is spelled as it sounds, with the combination "sh" representing the sound /ʃ/ and the letter "i" representing the sound /aɪ/. The word refers to the faint glow of the unlit part of the moon, which is illuminated by sunlight reflecting off Earth's surface.
Earthshine is a natural phenomenon observed on Earth's moon where the portions of the lunar surface that are not illuminated by direct sunlight are softly illuminated by sunlight reflected off the Earth. This secondary illumination occurs during the moon's waxing and waning phases when the crescent moon is visible. As the sun's rays hit our planet, they eventually bounce off its surface and into space. Some of this sunlight then travels towards the moon, giving it a faint glow in the dark sky. Earthshine creates a dim, ghostly illumination on the unlit portion of the moon, resulting in a dim blue or gray light that can be observed with the naked eye or through telescopes.
The intensity and visibility of earthshine vary depending on various factors, including the angle between the Earth, the moon, and the sun, as well as the Earth's atmospheric conditions. It is most noticeable when the crescent moon is thin, suggesting a smaller illuminated area, making the contrast between the illuminated and unilluminated areas more apparent.
Earthshine has been a subject of fascination for astronomers since ancient times and has provided valuable insights into the Earth's albedo, or reflectivity, as well as its atmosphere. Scientific observations of earthshine have helped researchers study and measure Earth's climate and weather patterns, particularly the presence and behavior of clouds and aerosols. It has also served as a visual reminder of the interconnectedness of celestial bodies and the beauty of the universe.
The word "earthshine" is composed of two parts: "earth" and "shine".
The term "earth" comes from the Old English word "eor(th)e", which has Germanic origins. It can be traced back to the Proto-Germanic word "*erthō". "Earth" refers to the planet upon which we reside and is often used to describe the soil, ground, or the entire planet itself.
The word "shine", also from Old English, is derived from the Germanic root "*skīnan", which means "to shine, glitter". It is related to the Old Norse word "skīna" and the Dutch word "schijnen", which carry similar meanings.
When combined, the etymology of "earthshine" can be understood as the light or brightness reflected from the Earth, typically illuminating the darker portion of the moon's surface during a crescent phase.