Early English refers to the period of the English language that spans from the migration of the Germanic tribes to Britain in the 5th century to the end of the 11th century, also known as the Old English period. During this time, English underwent significant linguistic changes and transformations, making it distinct from Modern English. Early English is characterized by its Germanic origins and the influence of other languages such as Latin, Danish, and Old Norse.
In terms of vocabulary, Early English employed a range of Germanic words, many of which are still recognizable in Modern English. However, the grammar and pronunciation were notably different, featuring inflections, such as case endings, that have since disappeared. Early English texts are highly inflected, with nouns, pronouns, and adjectives changing form according to their grammatical function. It is important to note that Early English also featured a complex system of declensions, verb conjugations, and strong and weak verbs, which further distinguished it from later periods.
The influence of Latin on Early English is evident in its vocabulary, particularly in relation to religion, administration, and legal matters. Latin words were commonly borrowed and adapted, resulting in the development of new vocabulary. Additionally, Danish and Old Norse exerted an impact through the Viking invasions, leading to the adoption of numerous loanwords.
In summary, Early English marks the beginning of the English language's development, showcasing its Germanic roots, but also demonstrating substantial influence from Latin, Danish, and Old Norse.
