EAEC stands for "Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli," which is a pathogenic strain of Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria that is responsible for causing gastrointestinal infections in humans. This strain is primarily associated with foodborne illnesses and is known to be invasive, meaning it can invade and damage the lining of the intestines.
EAEC is characterized by its ability to adhere to the intestinal cells, forming a biofilm that allows the bacteria to colonize and multiply. It produces several virulence factors, such as aggregative adherence fimbriae and toxins, which help in the attachment and invasion of the intestinal cells, leading to inflammation and infection.
The symptoms of an EAEC infection typically include watery or bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain, and in some cases, fever. The severity of the symptoms can vary from mild to severe, and complications like dehydration may occur in severe cases. Infants, young children, elderly individuals, and those with compromised immune systems are more susceptible to developing severe symptoms.
Diagnosis of an EAEC infection can be made by testing a stool sample for the presence of the bacteria or its genetic material. Treatment usually involves supportive measures such as rehydration and management of the symptoms. In some cases, antibiotics may be prescribed, but their use should be guided by the susceptibility of the specific strain and the severity of the infection.
Prevention of EAEC infections mainly involves practicing good hygiene and safe food handling practices, including thorough cooking of food, proper handwashing, and avoiding consumption of contaminated water or raw or undercooked foods.
