Dysplastic Nevus Syndrome, also known as familial atypical multiple mole melanoma syndrome or FAMMM syndrome, is a genetic disorder characterized by the presence of multiple atypical or dysplastic nevi, which are abnormal moles, on the skin. These atypical nevi may exhibit irregular borders, varied pigmentation, and irregular shapes, making them distinct from common moles.
Individuals with dysplastic nevus syndrome often have a higher risk of developing melanoma, a type of skin cancer. These individuals may have a family history of melanoma or have personal experience with the disease. Dysplastic nevi can be an early indicator or precursor of melanoma, making regular monitoring and surveillance important.
The syndrome is caused by mutations in specific genes, such as CDKN2A and CDK4, which are involved in regulating cell growth and division. These genetic mutations can disrupt the normal process of cell growth and increase the risk of abnormal or cancerous cell growth.
In addition to multiple atypical nevi, other characteristics associated with dysplastic nevus syndrome include fair skin, a tendency to develop freckles, and a high number of common moles. It is important for individuals with this condition to practice sun protection measures, such as wearing sunscreen and protective clothing, as excessive sun exposure can further increase the risk of developing melanoma.
Regular skin examinations by a dermatologist are essential for early detection and treatment of any suspicious or changing moles. Genetic counseling and testing may be recommended for individuals with dysplastic nevus syndrome, especially those with a family history of melanoma.
