Dyskinesia is a medical term that refers to a disorder characterized by abnormal, involuntary movements of the body. These movements can be repetitive, jerky, and uncontrollable, occurring both during voluntary actions and at rest. Dyskinesia can affect various parts of the body, including the limbs, head, face, and trunk.
There are different types of dyskinesia, each associated with specific conditions or causes. For instance, tardive dyskinesia is a side effect of long-term use of certain medications, particularly antipsychotic drugs. This condition causes repetitive movements, such as grimacing, tongue protrusion, lip smacking, or writhing motions, and typically occurs after months or years of medication use.
Other forms of dyskinesia include chorea, which is characterized by brief, rapid, and irregular movements; myoclonus, which involves sudden, brief muscle contractions; and dystonia, which results in sustained muscle contractions, leading to abnormal postures or repetitive twisting movements.
Dyskinesia can be caused by various factors, such as neurological disorders (e.g., Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease), brain injuries, certain medications, or as a result of genetic abnormalities. The severity of dyskinesia symptoms can vary widely, ranging from mild and manageable to severely impairing daily functioning.
Treatment for dyskinesia may involve medications to reduce symptoms or surgical interventions in some cases. Management may also include physical therapy, occupational therapy, and other supportive therapies to enhance functional abilities and quality of life for individuals with this condition.
