Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas (DAVFs) are abnormal connections or communication pathways that form between the arteries and veins within the dura mater, the tough outer covering of the brain and spinal cord. This condition is characterized by the abnormal development of an arteriovenous shunt, where blood flows directly from arteries into veins, bypassing the capillary system that normally connects them.
In DAVFs, the arterial blood flow is redirected and directly drained into the venous system, leading to an abnormal increase in venous pressure. This results in a disturbance of the normal cerebral blood flow patterns, which can lead to various neurological symptoms and complications.
Symptoms of DAVFs may vary depending on their location and severity, but common symptoms include pulsatile tinnitus (a roaring sound in the ear), headaches, visual disturbances, seizures, and neurological deficits such as weakness or paralysis. If left untreated, DAVFs can cause progressive neurological deterioration and potentially life-threatening complications such as intracranial hemorrhage.
Management and treatment options for DAVFs depend on several factors including the location, severity, and clinical presentation. Treatment may involve a combination of medical management, endovascular embolization, and/or surgical intervention to occlude or block the abnormal blood vessels and restore normal blood flow patterns.
In conclusion, Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas refer to abnormal connections between arteries and veins within the dura mater. These abnormal connections disrupt normal blood flow and can cause various neurological symptoms and complications if left untreated.
