Drug-induced akathisia is a medical condition characterized by a subjective sense of inner restlessness and an urge to move that is often accompanied by involuntary muscle movements. It arises as a side effect of certain medications, particularly psychiatric drugs such as antipsychotics, antidepressants, and antiemetics.
The term "akathisia" is derived from Greek words meaning "inability to sit," which accurately portrays the core symptom of the condition. Individuals experiencing drug-induced akathisia often have difficulty staying still or finding relief from the constant discomfort within their bodies. They may exhibit an irresistible need to pace, fidget, or continuously change positions.
The exact underlying mechanisms of drug-induced akathisia are not fully understood, but it is thought to involve dysregulation of the neurotransmitter dopamine in the brain. The medications that cause this condition are believed to disrupt dopamine transmission, resulting in the development of akathisia.
The symptoms of drug-induced akathisia can vary in severity, ranging from mild discomfort to extreme agony and distress. If left untreated, it can significantly impact an individual's quality of life and may even lead to self-harm or suicidal thoughts.
Treatment typically involves discontinuing or adjusting the dosage of the offending medication. Additional interventions may include the use of anti-parkinsonian medications, benzodiazepines, or beta-blockers to alleviate symptoms. Prompt recognition and management of drug-induced akathisia are crucial to prevent further distress and potential complications.
