Donghak, also known as the "Eastern Learning" or the "Learning of the East," refers to a Korean religious and social movement that emerged in the late 19th century. Donghak incorporates elements from Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism, and Korean shamanism while integrating indigenous Korean beliefs and practices.
The term "donghak" combines the word "dong" meaning "east" and "hak" meaning "learning" in Korean. Thus, it can be understood as the pursuit of knowledge and wisdom derived from Eastern traditions.
At its core, donghak emphasizes the teachings of equality, justice, and ethical conduct among its followers. It seeks to address socio-economic inequalities prevalent in Korean society during that period, advocating for the rights and well-being of the common people. Donghak aims to create a harmonious society based on moral principles and fair governance.
The founder of donghak, Choe Je-u, believed that the solutions to societal issues lay within the existing Eastern philosophical systems, rather than relying solely on Western ideologies. Choe Je-u's teachings revolved around the idea that spiritual enlightenment, self-reformation, and community solidarity were essential for achieving societal transformations.
Donghak became a significant influence on Korean nationalism, leading to social and political movements such as the Donghak Peasant Revolution of 1894. The movement's impact extended beyond religion and was integral to shaping modern Korean history and identity.
Today, donghak continues to play a role in Korean society, contributing to the cultural fabric and serving as a source of spiritual guidance for its followers.
