DOK (Depth of Knowledge) is a term used in education that refers to a framework developed by Norman L. Webb to categorize the level of complexity involved in cognitive tasks and assessments. It provides a method to measure the level of thinking required by students to successfully engage with and answer questions or complete assignments.
DOK classifies cognitive processing into four levels. The first level, DOK-1, involves basic recall and reproduction of information. Students at this level are expected to demonstrate knowledge of facts, terms, definitions, or simple procedures.
Moving a step higher, DOK-2 tasks require students to apply their acquired knowledge and skills in more complex ways. This level involves limited decision-making and basic problem-solving, where students may be asked to analyze, summarize, compare, or make connections between pieces of information.
DOK-3 tasks demand a higher degree of cognitive engagement as students are required to perform strategic thinking and reasoning. They must draw conclusions, justify choices, solve non-routine problems, or generate hypotheses.
Finally, DOK-4 tasks involve extended, abstract thinking. Students at this highest level must integrate knowledge from multiple domains or sources and apply it in novel situations. They need to critically analyze, synthesize, and evaluate information to solve complex problems and create original products.
The DOK framework helps educators design appropriate instruction and assessment that align with the cognitive demands of learning objectives. It offers a way to progressively challenge and engage learners, ensuring that they acquire and apply knowledge and skills at different levels of complexity.
