Correct spelling for the English word "DNARNA" is [dˈiːnˈɑːnə], [dˈiːnˈɑːnə], [d_ˈiː_n_ˈɑː_n_ə] (IPA phonetic alphabet).
DNARNA refers to the combined biological substances DNA and RNA. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid) are essential molecules found in all living organisms that carry and transmit genetic information.
DNA is a double-stranded molecule composed of two long chains made up of nucleotides. Each nucleotide consists of a phosphate group, a sugar molecule (deoxyribose), and one of four nitrogenous bases: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), or guanine (G). These bases pair together to form the characteristic double helix structure, with adenine pairing with thymine and cytosine pairing with guanine. DNA is primarily located within the nucleus of cells and serves as the genetic blueprint, encoding the instructions for the development, functioning, and reproduction of living organisms.
RNA, on the other hand, is a single-stranded molecule that plays a crucial role in protein synthesis, gene expression, and the transfer of genetic information from DNA to ribosomes. RNA is composed of ribose sugar, phosphate groups, and four nitrogenous bases: adenine (A), uracil (U), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). The bases in RNA pair with complementary bases in DNA during transcription, allowing the genetic code to be transcribed and decoded into functional proteins.
Together, DNA and RNA form a fundamental part of the central dogma of molecular biology, representing the blueprint and machinery for the storage, transmission, and expression of genetic information in living organisms. The study of DNARNA is crucial in various fields, including genetics, genomics, biotechnology, and medicine, as it provides insights into the genetic mechanisms that determine traits, diseases, and evolution.