DNAP stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid Profiling, which is a type of genetic identification technique used in forensic science. It is commonly referred to as DNA profiling or DNA fingerprinting.
DNAP involves the analysis of specific regions of an individual's DNA to create a unique genetic profile or fingerprint that can differentiate one person from another. The technique is based on the fact that each person's DNA sequence is unique, except for identical twins.
The process of DNAP starts with collecting a biological sample such as blood, saliva, hair, or skin cells from a crime scene or an individual. DNA is then extracted from the sample and amplified using a method called polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to produce sufficient amounts for analysis.
The amplified DNA is then subjected to gel or capillary electrophoresis, a technique that separates DNA fragments according to their size. By using fluorescent markers attached to unique DNA markers or regions of the genome, the separated DNA fragments can be visualized.
The resulting DNA profiles are analyzed, and specific regions of the DNA sequence known as short tandem repeats (STRs) are examined. The number of repeats and their size variations at these specific locations are used to generate a unique genetic profile.
DNAP is widely used in criminal investigations, paternity testing, identification of unidentified remains, and establishing biological relationships. It has revolutionized the field of forensic science and greatly improved the accuracy and reliability of identifying individuals based on their DNA.
