DKA stands for Diabetic Ketoacidosis. It is a serious and potentially life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus, primarily occurring in individuals with type 1 diabetes but can also affect those with type 2 diabetes. DKA develops when there is a lack of insulin in the body, leading to an imbalance in blood sugar levels and the breakdown of fats for energy.
In DKA, the body is unable to use glucose properly due to insufficient insulin. As a result, it starts breaking down fats for energy, leading to the production of ketones – acidic byproducts. The accumulation of ketones in the blood causes the pH of the blood to become acidic, leading to a condition known as acidosis.
Symptoms of DKA may include excessive thirst, frequent urination, high blood glucose levels, fruity-scented breath, deep and rapid breathing, confusion, fatigue, abdominal pain, and nausea or vomiting. If left untreated, DKA can progress to more severe complications such as coma or even death.
Immediate medical attention is crucial for individuals suspected of having DKA. Treatment typically involves fluid replacement to combat dehydration, insulin administration to normalize blood glucose levels, correction of electrolyte imbalances, and close monitoring of blood chemistry. In severe cases, hospitalization may be required.
Prevention of DKA primarily involves proper diabetes management, including regular monitoring of blood sugar levels, taking prescribed insulin or medications, adhering to a healthy diet, staying hydrated, and seeking prompt medical care for any signs of diabetes-related complications.
