Dirham (also spelled dirhem) is the currency unit of several countries in the Arab world, including Morocco, United Arab Emirates, and Qatar. In IPA phonetic transcription, its spelling is /dɪrəm/. The word originated from the Greek word drachma, which means "handful" or "grasp," and was used as a weight measure in medieval Arabia. Over time, its meaning shifted to denote a currency unit, and the word has since spread to several other countries in the Arab world.
A dirhem is a unit of currency traditionally used in various Muslim countries. It originated in ancient Arabia and was widely adopted in regions influenced by Islamic culture. The term "dirhem" can be traced back to the Greek word "drachma," which also served as a form of currency.
In its basic definition, a dirhem refers to a specific weight measurement of silver or gold. The value of dirhems would depend on the quality and purity of the metal used. Historically, dirhems were minted and used as coins, making them a tangible representation of wealth and trade.
The precise weight of a dirhem varied over time and across different regions. However, it is often estimated to be around 2.975 grams (0.10 ounces). Coins known as "dirhems" were commonly used in Islamic states during the medieval period and were crafted with intricate designs and inscriptions that often reflected the reigning ruler or dynasty.
With the modernization of currency systems, the usage of the dirhem as an official unit of currency has decreased significantly. However, some countries, such as Morocco and Tunisia, still utilize the term dirhem as the official name for their currency. In these contexts, the dirhem serves as a subunit of the currency, similar to cents or pennies in Western monetary systems.
The word "dirhem" (also spelled "dirham") has its origin in Arabic. It comes from the Arabic word "dirham" (درهم), which was a unit of weight and currency used in various historic and contemporary Muslim countries. The term has been in use for centuries, and its etymology can be traced back to pre-Islamic times in Arabia.
In the Arabic language, "dirham" is believed to have derived from the Greek word "drachma" (δραχμή), which was an ancient Greek unit of weight and currency. The Greeks had various trade relationships with the Arab world, particularly during the time of the Byzantine Empire, and this led to the adoption and adaptation of Greek words and concepts in Arabic.
Over time, the word "dirham" evolved to specifically refer to a currency denomination rather than just a unit of weight.