Diffuse Cutaneous Leishmaniases (DCL) is a medical condition caused by the infection of the human body with the Leishmania parasite. It is a form of leishmaniasis, a tropical disease transmitted to humans through the bites of infected female sandflies.
DCL is characterized by a widespread involvement of the skin, with diffuse and non-ulcerating lesions that can affect any part of the body. Unlike other forms of leishmaniasis, where the skin lesions are localized and ulcerating, DCL results in a generalized and more severe manifestation.
The clinical presentation of DCL includes multiple and progressive skin nodules or plaques that appear mainly on the face, limbs, and trunk. These lesions are usually painless and may have a purplish or red coloration. Other symptoms may include fever, weakness, weight loss, and swelling of the spleen and liver.
DCL is primarily found in regions of South America, such as Brazil, Bolivia, and Peru, but it can also occur in other parts of the world. Individuals with compromised immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS or undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, are particularly susceptible to DCL.
Diagnosis of DCL involves laboratory tests to identify the presence of Leishmania parasites in skin biopsies or by serological methods to detect specific antibodies. Treatment options for DCL include antimony-based drugs, such as sodium stibogluconate, or other medications like amphotericin B. However, the response to treatment might vary, and relapses can occur.
