Differential calculus is a branch of mathematics that deals with the study of rates of change and slopes of curves. The word "differential" has the IPA phonetic transcription /ˌdɪfəˈrɛnʃl̩/ which is made up of five sounds; the two syllables "dif-" and "-ferential," the vowel sound /ɪ/ in the first syllable, the consonant cluster /fə/ in the second syllable, and the schwa sound /ə/ in the last syllable. The spelling of the word reflects the etymology of the word, which comes from the Latin word "differentia."
Differential calculus refers to a branch of calculus that focuses on the study of rates of change and the slopes of curves. It is concerned with understanding how quantities change in relation to one another.
In differential calculus, the primary tool used is the derivative. The derivative measures the rate at which a function is changing at a specific point. It provides information about the slope of the tangent line to a curve at a particular point, representing the instantaneous rate of change of the function at that point. The derivative can be interpreted as the velocity of an object, the growth rate of a population, or the rate at which a physical process is occurring.
Differential calculus is essential in various fields, including physics, engineering, economics, and computer science. It enables the analysis of complex systems by providing a framework for understanding how things change and behave over time. This branch of mathematics forms the basis for solving optimization problems, determining maximum and minimum values of functions, and finding areas under curves.
The concept of differential calculus was developed by Sir Isaac Newton and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz in the late 17th century, independently of one another. It revolutionized mathematics and became a core component of calculus, along with integral calculus. Together, differential and integral calculus form a powerful toolbox for solving problems in mathematics and the sciences.
That part of mathematics which treats of infinitely small variable quantities or differences.
Etymological and pronouncing dictionary of the English language. By Stormonth, James, Phelp, P. H. Published 1874.
The word "differential calculus" has its roots in Latin and Greek.
The term "calculus" comes from the Latin word "calculus", which means "small stone" or "pebble". In ancient times, counting and calculation were often done using small stones on a counting board, and the word "calculus" eventually came to be associated with mathematical calculations.
The adjective "differential" is derived from the Latin word "differentia", which means "difference" or "distinction". In mathematics, "differential" refers to the concept of infinitesimal differences or rates of change.
When these two terms are combined, "differential calculus" refers to the branch of mathematics that deals with the study of rates of change, slopes of curves, and related concepts. It involves the use of derivatives, which measure the instantaneous rate of change of a function at a given point.