Diarrhea, also spelled diarrhoea, is a common medical condition characterized by frequent, loose, and watery bowel movements. It is typically caused by an infection, inflammation, or irritation of the gastrointestinal tract, leading to an accelerated transit of stool through the intestines. Diarrhea can occur in individuals of all ages and may be accompanied by symptoms such as abdominal pain, cramping, bloating, nausea, and urgency to have a bowel movement.
The causes of diarrhea can vary and include viral or bacterial infections, such as rotavirus, norovirus, or Escherichia coli, as well as parasitic infections like Giardia. Other potential triggers include food poisoning from contaminated food or water, certain medications, such as antibiotics or certain cancer drugs, as well as underlying health conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, or lactose intolerance.
Treatment of diarrhea typically involves replenishing lost fluids to prevent dehydration. This can be achieved through drinking plenty of fluids like water, oral rehydration solutions, or clear broths. Avoiding foods that may worsen symptoms, such as spicy or fatty foods, and opting for a bland diet can also be helpful. In some cases, over-the-counter medications like antidiarrheals or medications targeted at addressing the underlying cause may be recommended. However, if diarrhea persists for more than a couple of days or is severe, it is important to seek medical attention, as it can lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances, which can be especially dangerous, particularly in vulnerable populations such as infants or the elderly.
