Diabetes is a medical condition characterized by persistently high levels of glucose (sugar) in the blood. It is a chronic metabolic disorder that occurs when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces.
Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates glucose levels by facilitating the absorption of glucose into the cells for energy utilization. In individuals with diabetes, the lack or inefficiency of insulin leads to an accumulation of glucose in the bloodstream, resulting in hyperglycemia.
There are different types of diabetes, including type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and gestational diabetes. Type 1 diabetes typically develops in childhood or adolescence and occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. Type 2 diabetes, on the other hand, is commonly diagnosed in adulthood and is often associated with lifestyle factors such as obesity and physical inactivity.
The symptoms of diabetes may include increased thirst, frequent urination, unexplained weight loss, extreme hunger, fatigue, blurred vision, slow healing of wounds, and recurring infections. If left untreated or poorly managed, diabetes can lead to serious complications such as cardiovascular disease, kidney failure, nerve damage, and loss of vision.
The management of diabetes typically involves a combination of medication, blood sugar monitoring, healthy eating, regular physical activity, and, in some cases, insulin injections. Treatment aims to keep blood glucose levels within a target range to prevent both short-term and long-term complications. Regular check-ups with healthcare professionals and adherence to a personalized diabetes care plan are crucial for individuals living with diabetes.
