Dhori virus is a zoonotic arbovirus belonging to the Bunyaviridae family, specifically the Orthobunyavirus genus. Discovered in India in 2011, it was named after the village of Dhori in the state of Jharkhand, where the virus was first isolated from the blood sample of a sick farmer. Dhori virus is primarily transmitted through the bites of infected mosquitoes, particularly those of the genus Aedes.
This virus primarily affects animals, particularly cattle and water buffaloes. It is associated with a disease known as "Dhori fever" or "Dhori virus disease." Infected animals experience a range of symptoms, including fever, reduced appetite, weight loss, weakness, respiratory distress, and sometimes death. In severe cases, Dhori fever can cause abortions in pregnant animals.
Although Dhori virus mainly affects animals, there have been a few cases of human infections reported. Human-to-human transmission has not been observed, and the risk to the general human population is believed to be minimal. However, individuals working closely with animals, such as farmers and veterinarians, may be at a slightly higher risk.
The diagnosis of Dhori virus infection is typically done through laboratory tests, including the detection of viral RNA or antibodies in blood samples. At present, there is no specific treatment or vaccine available for Dhori virus infection. Prevention relies on the control of mosquito populations, personal protective measures such as using mosquito repellents and wearing protective clothing, and avoiding contact with infected animals and their secretions.
