Dental root cysts, also known as radicular cysts, are a type of cystic lesion that develops within the jawbone as a result of an inflammatory process associated with an infected tooth. These cysts typically occur at the root of a tooth that has undergone significant decay or infection, causing the surrounding tissues to become inflamed and infected.
The process of dental root cyst formation begins with the inflammation of the dental pulp, which is the innermost part of the tooth containing nerves and blood vessels. As the infection progresses and spreads to the surrounding bone tissues, a cystic cavity begins to form at the root of the tooth. Over time, this cyst expands, causing destruction of the jawbone and surrounding structures.
Dental root cysts may initially be asymptomatic, and therefore, often go unnoticed until they reach a sufficient size or cause complications. When symptoms do arise, they may include pain, swelling, or the formation of a pus-filled abscess in the affected area. Furthermore, if left untreated, these cysts can lead to the displacement or resorption of adjacent teeth.
Diagnosis of dental root cysts is typically performed through dental imaging techniques, such as X-rays or cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), which allow for the visualization of the cyst and its relation to the surrounding structures. Treatment typically involves the removal of the infected tooth and the entire cystic lesion. In some cases, additional procedures, such as bone grafting or sinus lifting, may be necessary to restore the affected area. After treatment, regular follow-up visits are essential to ensure proper healing and to monitor for any signs of recurrence.
